AI 900 Preparation : Part III Analyze images with the Computer Vision by Sagar Lad Microsoft + Udacity Machine Learning Scholarship #wednesdayblogging

Additionally, the aspect ratio of a panorama image needs to be taken into account to create a visually pleasing composite. Most computer vision systems use visible-light cameras passively viewing a scene at frame rates of at most 60 frames per second (usually far slower). Each of the application areas described above employ a range of computer vision tasks; more or less well-defined measurement problems or processing problems, which can be solved using a variety of methods. Computer graphics produces image data from 3D models, and computer vision often produces 3D models from image data.[22] There is also a trend towards a combination of the two disciplines, e.g., as explored in augmented reality. The new voice technology—capable of crafting realistic synthetic voices from just a few seconds of real speech—opens doors to many creative and accessibility-focused applications.

These results have led to a sub-field within computer vision where artificial systems are designed to mimic the processing and behavior of biological systems at different levels of complexity. Also, some of the learning-based methods developed within computer vision (e.g. neural net and deep learning based image and feature analysis and classification) have their background in neurobiology. The Neocognitron, a neural network developed in the 1970s by Kunihiko Fukushima, is an early example of computer vision taking direct inspiration from neurobiology, specifically the primary visual cortex. This image understanding can be seen as the disentangling of symbolic information from image data using models constructed with the aid of geometry, physics, statistics, and learning theory.

The vectors would consist of cepstral coefficients, which are obtained by taking a Fourier transform of a short time window of speech and decorrelating the spectrum using a cosine transform, then taking the first (most significant) coefficients. The hidden Markov model will tend to have in each state a statistical distribution that is a mixture of diagonal covariance Gaussians, which will give a likelihood for each observed vector. Convolutional neural networks then put together visual images using a jigsaw puzzle concept.

Computer vision companies

This strategy becomes even more important with advanced models involving voice and vision. The commercial cloud based speech recognition APIs are broadly available. Speech recognition can become a means of attack, theft, or accidental operation.

• Panorama is mapped to six squares, each cube face showing 90 by 90 degree area of the panorama.
• Speak with it on the go, request a bedtime story for your family, or settle a dinner table debate.
• Apart from this, AI-driven vision solutions are being used to maximize ROI through customer retention programs, inventory tracking, and the assessment of product placement strategies.
• For the return value I picked the verbal description of what the system thought is in the image.
• Therefore, teachers can point out disengaged students and personalize the educational process.

Users can rotate, tilt, or scroll on their smartphones to view these pictures from different perspectives. Machine learning is used for the extrapolation of the 3D shape of the objects depicted in the image. Through this process, a realistic-looking 3D effect is applied to the picture. At about the same time, the first computer image scanning technology was developed, enabling computers to digitize and acquire images. Another milestone was reached in 1963 when computers were able to transform two-dimensional images into three-dimensional forms. In the 1960s, AI emerged as an academic field of study, and it also marked the beginning of the AI quest to solve the human vision problem.

Detecting objects

We come across this AI application in a lot of different shapes and forms. But the public security sector is the most significant driver of the pervasive use of facial detection. AI recognition can detect and prevent crime in criminal tracking devices and security missions.

If applicable, high dynamic range merging is done along with motion compensation and deghosting. Images are blended together and seam line adjustment is done to minimize the visibility of seams between images. To estimate a robust model from the data, a common method used is known as RANSAC. It is an iterative method for robust parameter estimation to fit mathematical models from sets of observed data points which may contain outliers. The algorithm is non-deterministic in the sense that it produces a reasonable result only with a certain probability, with this probability increasing as more iterations are performed. It being a probabilistic method means that different results will be obtained for every time the algorithm is run.

Feature extraction

Digital imaging has come a long way and nowadays we take so many photos on our phones and cameras, that it is easy to forget that not that long time ago it was a chore to get your photos from film to digital. Finally, computer vision systems are being increasingly applied to increase transportation efficiency. For instance, computer vision is being used to detect traffic signal violators, thus allowing law enforcement agencies to minimize unsafe on-road behavior. Retail stores are already embracing computer vision solutions to monitor shopper activity, making loss prevention non-intrusive and customer-friendly. Computer vision is also being used to analyze customer moods and personalize advertisements.

The process by which light interacts with surfaces is explained using physics. Physics explains the behavior of optics which are a most imaging systems. Sophisticated image sensors even require quantum mechanics to provide a complete understanding of the image formation process.[10] Also, various measurement problems in physics can be addressed using computer vision, for example, motion in fluids. The new voice capability is powered by a new text-to-speech model, capable of generating human-like audio from just text and a few seconds of sample speech. We collaborated with professional voice actors to create each of the voices.

The advances are evidenced not only by the surge of academic papers published in the field, but more importantly by the worldwide industry adoption of a variety of deep learning methods in designing and deploying speech recognition systems. While a convolutional neural network understands single images, a recurrent neural network processes video inputs to enable computers to ‘learn’ how a series of pictures relate to each other. To see images just like a human would, neural networks execute convolutions and examine the accuracy of the output in numerous iterations. Just like humans would discern an object far away, a convolutional neural network begins by identifying rudimentary shapes and hard edges. Once this is done, the model patches the gaps in its data and executes iterations of its output. This goes on until the output accurately ‘predicts’ what is going to happen.

For instance, a computer trained to recognize healthy crops would need to ‘see’ thousands of visual reference inputs of crops, farmland, animals, and other related objects. Only then would it effectively recognize different types of healthy crops, differentiate them from unhealthy crops, gauge farmland quality, detect pests and other animals among the crops, and so on. IBM has also introduced a computer vision platform that addresses both developmental and computing resource concerns. IBM Maximo Visual Inspection includes tools that enable subject matter experts to label, train and deploy deep learning vision models — without coding or deep learning expertise. The vision models can be deployed in local data centers, the cloud and edge devices.

Gone are the days when digital entertainment meant that the viewer had to sit and watch without participating. Today, interactive entertainment solutions leverage computer vision to deliver truly immersive experiences. Cutting-edge entertainment services use artificial intelligence to allow users to partake in dynamic experiences. Launched in 2018, Facebook 3D Photo originally required a smartphone with dual cameras to generate 3D images and create a depth map. While this originally limited the popularity of this feature, the widespread availability of economically priced dual-camera phones has since increased the use of this computer vision-powered feature.

A well-known application has been automatic speech recognition, to cope with different speaking speeds. In general, it is a method that allows a computer to find an optimal match between two given sequences (e.g., time series) with certain restrictions. This sequence alignment method is often used in the context of hidden Markov models. The term voice recognition[3][4][5] or speaker identification[6][7][8] refers to identifying the speaker, rather than what they are saying. Recognizing the speaker can simplify the task of translating speech in systems that have been trained on a specific person’s voice or it can be used to authenticate or verify the identity of a speaker as part of a security process. Speech recognition is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science and computational linguistics that develops methodologies and technologies that enable the recognition and translation of spoken language into text by computers.

Like Moravec, they needed a method to match corresponding points in consecutive image frames, but were interested in tracking both corners and edges between frames. For panoramic stitching, the ideal set of images will have a reasonable amount of overlap (at least 15–30%) to overcome lens distortion and have enough detectable features. The set of images will have consistent exposure between frames to minimize the probability of seams occurring. This is why we are using this technology to power a specific use case—voice chat. For example, Spotify is using the power of this technology for the pilot of their Voice Translation feature, which helps podcasters expand the reach of their storytelling by translating podcasts into additional languages in the podcasters’ own voices. We believe in making our tools available gradually, which allows us to make improvements and refine risk mitigations over time while also preparing everyone for more powerful systems in the future.

The operating system breaks down the query and uses a combination of metadata and machine learning to find you relevant photographs. As its name implies, YOLO can detect objects by passing an image through a neural network only once. The algorithm completes the prediction for an entire image within one algorithm run. It is also capable of ‘learning’ new things quickly and effectively, storing data on object representations and leveraging this information for object detection. Computer vision is defined as a solution that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) to allow computers to obtain meaningful data from visual inputs. The insights gained from computer vision are then used to take automated actions.

The idea is to replace the encoder (RNN layer) in an encoder-decoder architecture with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) trained to classify objects in images. Both acoustic modeling and language modeling are important parts of modern statistically based speech recognition algorithms. Language modeling is also used in many other natural language processing applications such as document classification or statistical machine translation. The fields most closely related to computer vision are image processing, image analysis and machine vision. There is a significant overlap in the range of techniques and applications that these cover. This implies that the basic techniques that are used and developed in these fields are similar, something which can be interpreted as there is only one field with different names.

A recurrent neural network (RNN) is used in a similar way for video applications to help computers understand how pictures in a series of frames are related to one another. In layman’s terms, the human pose estimation model processes visual content and estimates human posture in either 2D or 3D format. Knowing the person’s position opens avenues for several real-life applications. It is a brand logo detection system using TensorFlow Object Detection API. You can create a custom logo detection algorithm using one of the pre-trained models provided with the service package. A text description of the detected brand logo appears on the image but is possible to extract this data in the form of text captions.

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